Alternating-current relay.



J. F. D. HOGE.

ALTERNATING CURRENT RELAY.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 2s, 1910.

1,056,334. Patented Mar. 1s, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. E. D. HUGE. ALTERNATING CURRENT RELAY. APPLIOATION FILED s521223, 1910.

1,056,334, Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

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JOSEPH F. D. HOGE, OE NEWYOBK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN DISTRICT v 4TELEGrIEtAPIHI COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ALTERNATING-CURRENT RELAY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 18, 1913.

Applicationme september 2a, 1910. serial No. 583,444.

New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Alternating-Current 4Re.- lays, of which the following is a specification.

relays adapted to be operated by alternatin currents ofdifferent frequency, and my sai relay comprises two independent magnets, acting upon independent armatures mounted upon a common swinging carrier, the energizing coils of said magnets being in circuits so proportioned as to resistance, inductance and capacity, that the current through the coils of one magnet is displaced in phase about 90o 'with respect to the current through the coils of the other magnet. The attractive force of each magnet is, therefore, at its maximum when the attractive force of the other magnet is at its minimum, with the result that the mean attractive force exerted upon the carrier for the armatures of said magnets is nearly uniform. Thereby I avoid the constant breaking of contact between the armature support and front Contact point heretofore experienced when ordinary neutral relays have been used in alternating current circuits.

The' objects of my invention are to im` prove the construction of alternating current relays, to provide a relay which responds upon opening or closing of the alternating energizing lcircuit substantially as readily as d oes a neutral relay to the opening and closing of a direct current circuit,

l' and with the production of as good concuits of the two magnets andtheir inde- `pendence as to inductance, resistance and tactsjy and generally to make the relay simple, compact and easy to construct and adview of my improved relay, Fig. 2 a side elevation thereof and Fig. 3 a transverse section thereof. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustratingthe parallel arrangement ofthe cirgrams illustrating different proportions of inductance, resistanceand'. capacity which may be employed in tlie'circuits of the two magnets. 4

In appearance my improved relay resembles closel an ordinary direct current or neutral re ay; but instead of employing an l ordinary horseshoe'electromagnet with one My vinvention relates to improvements 1n armature therefor, I provide two independent'electromagnets land 2 the cores 3 and 4 respectively of-which are well separated one from another so Athat the magnetic flux of each magnet is substantially distinct from that of the other magnet; and I provide separate armatures 5 and 6 respectively for the two magnets,said armatures being mounted upon, a common carrier 7. This carrier 7 is supported so as to be susceptible of moving toward and from the magnet poles, and is provided with the usual retractile spring 8. I prefer not to employ for this armature support, the usual pivotal mounting, butinstead prefer to employ a flexible metallic strip 9 clamped to said armature support, and to a stationary block 10. Using this ieXible mounting obviates n' certain jar or vibration that is apt to be eX- perienced when the ordinary pivotal mount.

This is indicated in Fig. 4 showing the elec.

trical connections and showing, in circuit with each of the two magnets 1 and 2 inductive resistance L or L respectively, and ohmic resistance R or R respectively, and a condenser Cor C respectively. It will be understood that the coils of the relay magnets have of necessity both ohmic and inductive resistance, and that in the circuit of these magnets such other ohmic or .inductive resistance must be used as will give .the desired results as lexplained hereinafter. Fig. 5 is a vector diagram illustrating one proportion of inductanoe, resistance .and 'ca- `pae'ity for the two magnetl and' 2, which capacity. Figs. 5,5, 7 vesto: :heenound .stumble .for displacing the phase of one magnetabout '90 with respect.

to the other magnet. In this ldiagram, OB represents the total ohmic resistance of the circuit of magnet 1, BA represents the 1nyduct-ance value in such circuit, and OA the impedance of such circuit. In this case4 the static lcapacity of the circuit-is assumed to CD, and OD quantities -AB "and OC that the impedance right angles to the impedance line OA of" the circuit ofl magnet 1. It follows, therefore,v that in. circuit-s having inductance, ohmic resistance and capacity, proportioned as represented in this. ligure, the phase of magnetization of magnet 2 will diier by v90" lfrom the phase of magnetization of'magnet 1. Furthermore, the resistance of OC equals" inductance BA, and,y the resistance equals the 'excess of--capacity over inducy tance, CD, and, therefore, the impedance OA nets will he equal.

Fig. 6 represents another -and preferable' proportion of the various quantities of the equals the impedance OD; from which it 'follows that the attraction ofthe two 'magcircuits of the two magnets. f As represented in this figure the resistance and'inductance of the two magnet coils are equal. OC represents the total ohmic resistance in the circuit of each'magnet, CA the total inductance.

in the circuit of magnet- 1, ABth'e 'condenser magnetl. CD represents, as in Fig. 5, the excess of impedance due to condenser-C over the inductance in the circuit of mag` net 2such condenser having suchcapacity that it completely neutralizes the inductance of the circuit of magnet 2 leaving a surplus CD. Withl capacity, ohmic resistance and inductance proportioned as .shown in this diagram, there is a 450 lagging current pass ing through magnet 1, and a 45 leading current passing through magnet 2, giving the condition'of `currents 90 displaced vin phase and or' equal intensity. The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 6 is quite workable, but is open to a possible objection due to a certain difficulty experienced in balancing the relay coils with condensers of proper value, due to the fact that values AB and `AD.(Fig. 6) are large in comparison with values BC and CD, which means that a magnets.

nicety to secure proper operation. Fig. 7 shows an alternative arrangement which, though open to the objection that the total impedance of the relaiy instance shown inv ig. 6, is nevertheless preferable in man cases, because with this' arrangement of Fig. 7 it is much easierto secure the proper relations and consequently bring the relayy in` balance. The ohmic resistance of each magnet is represented by OC, the inductance of the circuit of magnet 1 is represented by CA and the impedance of condenser C by AB, the inductive value of the circuit of magnet 1 being, therefore, several times the resistance value of, that circuit. OE represents the resistance of the circuit of magnet 2'-a resistance very much .greater than the resistance in the'oircuit of is greater than in the magnet 1 and equal in fact tothe inductance CB .of the circuit/,of magnet 1." Asin the'y need not be adjusted-to so enact a value as fas in the arraifigement` shown in Figf; after condenser C" is inserted in circuit otmag-` ynet 1, the resistance in the circuit of magnet 2 is increased to a point determined by the inductance and capacity of the circuit of magnet 1. The capacity of the condenser C in the circuit of magnet 2 can then vary through `quite a little range without materially changing the phase value or the-in-I tensities of the currentsthrough the two A similar displacement in phase may be 'produced using dil'erent inductance in the,

two circuits. Fig. 8 illustrates this condi'- tion. In this figure OC represents the ohmic resistance in the circuit of magnet l, CA the inductance in that circuit and AB the impedance of' condenser 0". OE represents the ohmic resistance in the circuit. of mag net 2, EDthe eXcess'ofimpedance of condenser C over the inductance in the circuit of magnet 2, and GD theimpedance of conlturns that magnet 2 has, the pull of the two ing nearly-uniform, there is', 'as comparedy with the relays of-my above mentioned ap-A magnets on their respective armatures Will be the same. In this connection, it may be Asaid that'the rela'y illustrated and described 1 described vin my prior filed applications Sr.

Nosa 554,667, 574,202 and my companion application Sr. No'. 583,443; the relay here'- in described being similar to that of'my companion application Sr. No. 683,443 in that the armature is supported by a flexible strip 9' instead of bytrunnion screws such as are usually employed in relays, and .in that bet-Ween the said support and the conv tact point there is a Weight mass, vthe carrier 7 and armatures carried thereby, affect' ing the normalrate of vibration of the armature mass as a Whole.` But themean at tractive force exerted upon the carrier 7 beplications, re atively littletendency on the armature mass as Wh( 'le to vibrate. While the tendency to vibrate such armature which does exist makes it' desirable that the weight mass of the armature structure as la whale,

shall have approximately the relation re` quired to give the armature structure the ldesired normal. rate of Vibration, there is, in this relay, a greater Working margin inthis respect than in the relays of my above 'mentioned applications, so that the same care in design of the armature structure With reference to its intendedrate of vibration.is not necessary. I 4

It is, of course, a matter of convenience in manufacture 'only that causes the 4tWo magnets, in the abovedescribed circuit ar'` rangements of Figs. 5, 6 and 7 to be made substantially equal as 'regards inductance and ohmic resistance; the differences ininductance, resistance and capacity vby which the diiiierence in phase of the two circuits" is produced being produced by means eX- ternal to said magnets.` Theresult Would be the same if the 'windings of the. magnets were dil'erent to such degree as to produce differences i'n inductance and resistance corresponding to theQ-diii'erences' produced as above described, by external means.

What I 'claim is:

1. An alternating current relay compris-- ing in combination aplurality of independent magnets and a corresponding plurality of independent armatures therefor, acom mon carrier for said armatures arranged to permit moyement thereof toward and from the poles of their respective magnets,

and parallel circuit-loops for Vsaid aforesaidmagnets, 'each including one of said magnets, adapted for connection to a main 'altere nating circuit, such circuits possessingi resistance, inductance and capacity so differing from each other that thephases of magnetization of the one magnet are displaced With reference to corresponding phases of magnets comprising resistance, capacity and inductance so proportioned relativelyv that,

when said parallel circuits are connected to a common supply circuit, there is in' one of said parallel' circuits a lagging current and in the othervof said circuits a leading current. Y l

3. An alternating current relay comprising in combination a plurality of independent magnets, a corresponding.plurality of independent armatures, a common support te' said armatures adapted topermit them to move towardand from their vrespect-ive magnet poles `and" independent parallel cirl cuits for said magnets, adapted for connection to a main alternating circuit and havingelectrical qualities, such that thecurrent phases in said parallel circuits, and the consequent phases of magnetization ofthe tWo magnets, kdiffer respectively.

JosErH F. D. Hoen Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by'addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C. i. v-

'95 In testimonyl whereof Iaiixmy signature, '1n the presence of two Witnesses 

